Effects Of Work Characteristics Research Articles

Association between shift work and clean room environment on self-reported premenstrual symptoms and menstrual pain in Taiwan

BackgroundLimited research has delved into the effects of work characteristics on premenstrual symptoms (PMS) in women, which can influence work performance and overlook potential hazards for women in their work environments. This study aimed to investigate the impact of shift work and working in a clean room on premenstrual symptoms, menstrual status, and menstrual pain among employed females in an electronics manufacturer. MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted on menstruating female employees between August and December 2014, aged 18 to 55, who received regular employee health checks. Questionnaires were designed to collect information on demographics, personal lifestyle, menstrual status, menstrual pain scores, and self-reported premenstrual symptoms. ResultsAmong 7,193 participants, 18.6% reported moderate to severe menstrual pain affecting their work. Female workers who reported shift work showed an increased prevalence of moderate to severe premenstrual symptoms, including fatigue (RR=1.20), somatic discomforts (RR=1.04), diarrhea (RR=1.04), and tension (RR=1.05). Additionally, shift work was associated with an elevated risk of experiencing a moderate or significant impact of menstrual pain on work (RR=1.03), menstrual irregularity (RR=1.30), and high menstrual pain (RR=1.23). Working in a clean room was associated with an increased risk of high menstrual pain (RR=1.13). Subjects working shifts in a clean room had the highest pain scores compared to the other groups. ConclusionThis study underscores the association of work-related factors on PMS in female employees. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of premenstrual symptoms in female workers with different work characteristics, emphasizing the potential hazards of work-related factors on female employees.

A longitudinal person-centered investigation of the multidimensional nature of employees’ perceptions of challenge and hindrance demands at work

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives This research relies on a combination of variable- and person-centered approaches to help improve our understanding of the dimensionality of job demands by jointly considering employees' global levels of job demands, exposure and their specific levels of exposure to challenge and hindrance demands. Design and Methods We relied on a sample of 442 workers who completed a questionnaire twice over three months. Our analyses sought to identify the nature of the job demands profiles experienced by these workers, to document the stability of these profiles over time, and to assess their associations with theoretically-relevant outcomes (i.e., work engagement, job boredom, problem-solving pondering, work-related rumination, proactive health behaviors, and sleep quality and quantity). Furthermore, we examined whether these profiles and associations differed as a function of working remotely or onsite. Results Five profiles were identified and found to be highly stable over time: Globally Exposed, Not Exposed, Not Exposed but Challenged, Exposed but Not Challenged, and Mixed. These profiles shared clear associations with all outcomes, with the most adaptive outcomes associated with the Exposed but Not Challenged profile, whereas the most detrimental ones were observed in the Mixed profile. However, none of these results differed across employees working onsite and those working remotely. Conclusions These findings have theoretical and practical implications regarding the effects of work characteristics on employees' functioning.

PENGARUH KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL GURU, KARAKTERISTIK PEKERJAAN DAN KEMATANGAN EMOSI TERHADAP KINERJA GURU DI MADRASAH TSNAWIYAH NEGERI 3 KABUPATEN SIMALUNGUN

The problem formulation of this research is how the influence of teacher emotional intelligence on teacher performance. How the characteristics of the work affect the performance of teachers. How emotional maturity affects teacher performance. How the teacher's emotional intelligence, work characteristics and emotional maturity affect the teacher's performance. The purpose of this study was to find out the influence of teacher's emotional intelligence on teacher performance. To find out the effect of work characteristics on teacher performance. To know the effect of emotional maturity on teacher performance. To find out the influence of the teacher's emotional intelligence, work characteristics and emotional maturity on the teacher's performance. The sample in this study amounted to 39 teachers. The data analysis techniques used in this study are descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study explain that the variables of the teacher's emotional intelligence have a positive and significant effect on the teacher's performance. The variable characteristics of the work have a positive and significant effect on the teacher's performance. Variable emotional maturity has a positive and significant effect on teacher performance. The teacher's emotional intelligence variables, work characteristics and emotional maturity have a positive and significant effect on the teacher's performance.

Knowledge Management Systems and Work Improvements: The Moderating Effects of Work Characteristics

Knowledge is regarded as an important source of competitive advantage in modern organisations, and the use of knowledge exchange systems to facilitate the storage, transfer, and reuse of existing knowledge has become common. Solutions beyond the technology are, however, important for the efficiency of such systems, and thus their ability to improve work performance. Based on the survey data collected from a large petroleum operator company and eight of its main contractors, this paper examines how work characteristics and job design affect the extent to which the use of knowledge exchange systems leads to work performance improvements. We find that behaviour formalisation, work autonomy, and changing/new work demands are significant moderators of this relationship. The study contributes to the theory and practice of knowledge management in general, and the use of knowledge exchange systems specifically.

Effects of Work Characteristics on Paid Workers’ Job Satisfaction : Focused on Gender Difference

Effects of Work Characteristics on Paid Workers’ Job Satisfaction : Focused on Gender Difference

The Effects of Work Characteristics and Self-esteem on Work Burnout for Supervisory-levels Employees in Hotels

The Effects of Work Characteristics and Self-esteem on Work Burnout for Supervisory-levels Employees in Hotels Dr. Hany Hosny Sayed Abdelhamied Abstract The hotel industry is a labor-intensive industry, depending on large number of employees with different job positions to perform the services. These employees especially supervisory-level and front line employees face much pressure from the management to meet the hotel standards. Work characteristics and employees' self-esteem assumed to contribute to employees' burnout. High level of employees' burnout may affect hotels' performance. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of work characteristics' dimensions and self-esteem on levels of burnout among supervisory-level employees in Egyptian hotels. Methodology/ Approach - A quantitative approach was employed to the measure the associations between the study variables, data were collected on modified versions of Maslach Burnout Inventory scale, work characteristics and self-esteem scales. Statistical tests include descriptive statistics, internal consistency, reliability, validity, simple and multiple regressions tests were conducted to determine the associations among the study variables and to validate the study. Findings- the emerged results indicated that work characteristics are crucial predictors of burnout dimensions. Certain work characteristics such as work variety, work identity, work significance and work feedback increase the emotional exhaustion of supervisory-level employees while, work autonomy did not contribute to supervisor staff emotional exhaustion. Similarly, work characteristics influence personal accomplishment; on the other hand, depersonalization did not affected by the changes in work characteristics of supervisory employees in hotels. The results also show that, self-esteem negatively and strongly affects all burnout dimensions. Originality- this study comes up with new insight for hotels' operators, hence it illustrates the importance of work characteristics for burnout phenomena in hotels, and it sheds the light on the self-esteem as a predictor, strongly affect burnout in hotels. Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/jthm.v6n1a2

Do positive relations with patients play a protective role for healthcare employees? Effects of patients' gratitude and support on nurses' burnout.

Background: A growing number of studies reveal that there are significant associations between a patient's perception of quality of care and a health professional's perceived quality of work life. Previous studies focused on the patients or on the workers. Alternatively, they center the discussion on either the negative or the positive effects, both on patients and care workers. This research work focuses on the positive relationship with patients—a possible resource for care workers.Method: Study 1: A CFA was conducted to test the factorial structure and the tenure of the Italian version for patients of the Customer-initiated Support scale. Study 2: Using a multi-group path analysis, the effects of work characteristics and of the relationship with patients on burnout were tested in two different contexts: emergency and oncology ward.Results: Study 1: The one-factor instrument shows good reliability, convergent, and divergent validity. Study 2: for oncology nurses cognitive demands, job autonomy, and support from patients have direct effects on emotional exhaustion and job autonomy; interactions between cognitive demands and patients' support have an effect on depersonalization. For emergency nurses cognitive demands and interactions between job autonomy and support from patients have effects on emotional exhaustion; job autonomy, patients support and gratitude have direct effects on personal accomplishment.Conclusions: Results confirm expectations about the role of patients' support and gratitude in reducing nurses' burnout, with differences in the two contexts: emergency nurses show higher burnout and lower perception of positive relationship with patients, but present more intense protective effects of the interaction between job autonomy and support/gratitude. Suggestions can be offered to managers in developing interventions to promote “healthy organization” culture that consider jointly employees and patients' needs.

The Effect of Work Characteristics on Dermatologic Symptoms in Hairdressers

ObjectivesHairdressers in Korea perform various tasks and are exposed to health risk factors such as chemical substances or prolonged duration of wet work. The objective of this study is to provide descriptive statistics on the demographics and work characteristics of hairdressers in Korea and to identify work-related risk factors for dermatologic symptoms in hairdressers.Methods1,054 hairdressers were selected and analyzed for this study. Independent variables were exposure to chemical substances, the training status of the hairdressers, and the main tasks required of them, and the dependent variable was the incidence of dermatologic symptoms. The relationships between work characteristics and dermatologic symptoms were evaluated by estimating odds ratios using multiple logistic regression analysis.ResultsAmong the 1,054 study subjects, 212 hairdressers (20.1%) complained of dermatologic symptoms, and the symptoms were more prevalent in younger, unmarried or highly educated hairdressers. The main tasks that comprise the majority of the wet work were strictly determined by training status, since 96.5% of staff hairdressers identified washing as their main task, while only 1.5% and 2.0% of master and designer hairdressers, respectively, identified this as their main task. Multiple logistic regressions was performed to estimate odds ratios. While exposure to hairdressing chemicals showed no significant effect on the odds ratio for the incidence of dermatologic symptoms, higher odds ratios of dermatologic symptoms were shown in staff hairdressers (2.70, 95% CI: 1.32 - 5.51) and in hairdressers who perform washing as their main task (2.03, 95% CI: 1.22 - 3.37), after adjusting for general and work characteristics.ConclusionsThis study showed that the training status and main tasks of hairdressers are closely related to each other and that the training status and main tasks of hairdressers are related to the incidence of dermatologic symptoms. This suggests that in the future, regulations on working conditions and health management guidelines for hairdressers should be established.

Interactive Effects of Work Characteristics and Social Skill on Employee Job Crafting

Based on the relational perspective of work, we extend the theory of job crafting by focusing on social skill as an ability-based determinant of job crafting. Specifically, we theorize that work ch...

A Quantile Regression Analysis of Wages in Panama

AbstractDifferences in the effects of worker characteristics on wages in Panama at different points of the conditional wage distribution are investigated. Public sector employment increases wages relatively more at lower quantiles. Within the public sector, employment in that sector increases wages of the median worker and reduces wage inequality. Presence of a labor union increases relatively more private sector wages at lower quantiles. Unions reduce wage inequality within the union private sector and increase average wages within that sector. In the public sector, the presence of a labor union increases wages of men at lower quantiles at a lower rate than in the private sector. Self‐employment decreases wages at lower quantiles and increases wages at higher quantiles. Urban location affects wages in a U‐shaped pattern as one moves from lower to higher quantiles. Rates of return to experience are higher for men at higher quantiles. Experience increases men's wage inequality.

Testing Karasek's learning and strain hypotheses on young workers in their first job

This study tests the core hypotheses of Karasek's job demand-control model: high job demands (workload) in combination with low job control (autonomy) increase strains (job dissatisfaction; strain hypothesis), whereas high job demands in combination with high job control increase learning and development in the job (here: learning new skills in the first job; learning hypothesis). These hypotheses are tested in two ways: (a) the mere combination of both job characteristics is associated with the expected outcomes, and (b) a statistical interaction between both job characteristics in predicting the outcomes is expected. A large dataset (n=2,212) of young workers in their first job was used to test all hypotheses. As young workers are presumably still in the process of adjusting themselves to their work environment, we expected that the effects of work characteristics on work outcomes would be stronger for this group than for more experienced workers. The results confirm both the strain and the learning hypothesis. We found a combined effect of both job characteristics, as well as a statistical interaction between both variables. The lowest level of job satisfaction was found in the “high strain” job, whereas the highest increase in skills was found in the “active” job. The consequences of these findings for theory and practice are discussed.

Employee demand for health insurance and employer health plan choices

Although most private health insurance in US is employment-based, little is known about how employers choose health plans for their employees. In this paper, I examine the relationship between employee preferences for health insurance and the health plans offered by employers. I find evidence that employee characteristics affect the generosity of the health plans offered by employers and the likelihood that employers offer a choice of plans. Although the results suggest that employers do respond to employee preferences in choosing health benefits, the effects of worker characteristics on plan offerings are quantitatively small.

Strain as a moderator of the relationship between work characteristics and work attitudes.

Research on the psychological effects of work characteristics has investigated their relationships with both work attitudes and psychological strain, with the latter 2 variables being treated as alternative or joint dependent variables. The focus of this article is to propose that strain moderates the relationship between perceptions of work characteristics and work attitudes. The proposition is tested on a maximum sample of 9,327 health care employees by using moderated multiple regression followed by subgroup comparisons. The results strongly support the moderating effect, showing that as strain increases, the strength of the relationship between perceptions of work characteristics and work attitudes decreases.